Cat Sneeze Warning Signs: Feline Herpes vs. Kitty Chlamydia

When your cat lets out a sudden achoo, it can seem cute or funny. But when sneezing becomes frequent or comes with watery eyes, nasal discharge, or other symptoms, it might be a sign of something more serious. Two of the most common causes of persistent sneezing in cats are Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1) and Feline Chlamydophila (often nicknamed “Kitty Chlamydia”).

While both illnesses affect the upper respiratory tract and eyes, they differ in cause, treatment, and long-term effects. Understanding the differences can help you take the right steps to protect your cat’s health.

Why Cats Sneeze

Cats sneeze for many reasons, some harmless and others more serious. Occasional sneezing can be caused by dust, pollen, strong scents, or even a tickle in the nose. However, ongoing or intense sneezing can be linked to:

• Allergies

• Foreign objects in the nose

• Dental issues that impact the sinuses

• Respiratory infections from viruses or bacteria

• Environmental irritants like smoke or cleaning chemicals

If sneezing is persistent or comes with other symptoms, it’s often a sign of an infection.

Feline Herpesvirus (FHV-1)

Feline Herpesvirus type 1 is a viral infection that’s extremely contagious among cats. Once a cat is infected, the virus remains in their system for life. It can lie dormant for long periods and reactivate during times of stress, illness, or a weakened immune system.

Cats usually catch herpes through direct contact with another infected cat’s saliva, nasal secretions, or eye discharge. The virus can also spread through contaminated items such as food and water bowls, bedding, grooming tools, or even short-range airborne droplets from a sneeze.

Common symptoms of feline herpes include frequent sneezing, watery eyes, a runny nose, eye inflammation (conjunctivitis), and sometimes corneal ulcers. Cats may also lose their appetite if their nasal passages become blocked.

One of the biggest challenges with feline herpes is that cats remain carriers for life. Even if symptoms disappear, flare-ups can occur repeatedly, especially during stressful events.

Feline Chlamydophila (Kitty Chlamydia)

Feline Chlamydophila felis is a bacterial infection that affects a cat’s eyes and respiratory system. It’s not the same as the human sexually transmitted infection — the “kitty chlamydia” nickname just refers to its bacterial nature.

Cats catch this infection through direct contact with an infected cat’s eye or nasal discharge. It’s particularly common in multi-cat households, catteries, and shelters where close contact is frequent. Mother cats can also pass it to their kittens.

The symptoms of feline chlamydophila often focus more on the eyes than the nose. Cats may develop red, swollen eyes, thick eye discharge, and mild sneezing. Some may also have a slight fever and reduced appetite.

Unlike feline herpes, chlamydophila does not remain in the body for life if treated properly. With the right antibiotic course, most cats recover fully.

How the Two Conditions Differ

Although both infections can cause sneezing, nasal discharge, and conjunctivitis, there are key differences.

Feline herpes is viral, which means there is no cure — only management of symptoms. Once a cat has herpes, they will always carry it, and flare-ups can happen for life. Discharge with herpes is usually clear or slightly cloudy, and the infection often affects both the nose and the eyes.

Kitty chlamydia, on the other hand, is bacterial and can be completely eliminated with proper treatment. Discharge tends to be thicker and more mucous-like, and eye swelling is usually more severe than with herpes. While herpes is notorious for recurring, chlamydophila is typically a one-time illness if handled correctly.

Getting a Proper Diagnosis

Because symptoms overlap, you can’t confirm whether your cat has herpes or chlamydophila just by looking at them. A vet visit is essential.

Your veterinarian may start with a physical examination, looking at your cat’s nose, eyes, and mouth. They may also take swab samples from the eyes or nose to send for laboratory testing. Advanced diagnostic methods like PCR testing can detect whether the infection is viral or bacterial. This step is crucial because it determines the right treatment plan.

Treatment for Feline Herpesvirus

Since herpes is caused by a virus, antibiotics won’t cure it. However, vets often prescribe antibiotics to prevent or treat secondary bacterial infections. Other treatments include:

• Antiviral medications like famciclovir in severe cases

• L-lysine supplements to help reduce flare-ups

• Eye drops or ointments for conjunctivitis

• Supportive care, such as keeping your cat in a warm, humid environment, gently cleaning eye and nasal discharge, and ensuring they continue eating and drinking

Managing feline herpes is about controlling symptoms and supporting your cat’s immune system to reduce flare-up frequency.

Treatment for Feline Chlamydophila

Unlike herpes, chlamydophila is bacterial and responds well to antibiotics. Your vet may prescribe doxycycline or another antibiotic for a course lasting several weeks. In addition, topical eye treatments can help reduce discomfort and clear up conjunctivitis.

Supportive care — such as cleaning the eyes, keeping your cat comfortable, and encouraging them to eat — is also important during recovery.

Most cats make a full recovery within three to four weeks when treated properly.

Preventing Herpes and Chlamydophila in Cats

Both conditions can be prevented or reduced in severity with proper care.

Vaccination plays a major role. The FVRCP vaccine includes protection against feline herpesvirus, while a separate vaccine is available for chlamydophila. The chlamydophila vaccine is often recommended for cats in multi-cat environments or shelters.

Hygiene is equally important. Always wash your hands after handling cats, especially if you care for multiple pets. Disinfect shared items like bowls, litter boxes, and bedding regularly.

Finally, reducing stress helps lower the risk of herpes flare-ups. Keep your cat’s environment stable, avoid sudden changes, and provide hiding spots or quiet areas where they can relax.

When to Call the Vet

You should seek veterinary attention if your cat:

• Sneezes persistently for more than two or three days

• Develops red, swollen eyes or thick discharge

• Shows signs of lethargy or loss of appetite

• Has difficulty breathing or breathes through an open mouth

Prompt treatment helps your cat recover faster and prevents the spread of infection to other cats.

Living with a Cat That Has Herpes

If your cat is diagnosed with herpes, it doesn’t mean they can’t live a happy, healthy life. Many cats with herpes experience long periods without symptoms. With regular vet care, a nutritious diet, and a calm home environment, flare-ups can be minimized.

You’ll need to monitor your cat closely during stressful times, such as moving to a new home or introducing a new pet, as these can trigger symptoms.

Final Thoughts

A cat’s sneeze can be harmless — or it can be a clue to something more serious. Feline Herpesvirus and Feline Chlamydophila are two of the most common culprits, and while they share similar symptoms, they differ in cause, treatment, and long-term effects.

The key is early detection. By knowing the warning signs and prompt veterinary care, you can keep your cat comfortable, prevent the spread to other felines, and ensure the best possible outcome.

The next time your kitty sneezes, don’t just smile — pay attention. Your quick response could make all the difference in their health and happiness.